
Reflections on Principals’ Leadership Practices in Deprived Schools: A Case of the Amathole East Education District
Issue: Vol.5 No.6 Issue Article 7 pp.876-886
DOI: https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.2024567 | Published online 7th June, 2024
© 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the CCBY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
This study aimed to provide reflections on the leadership experiences of school principals on leading and managing in the deprived context of the Amathole East Education District. The study thus employed a qualitative research approach coupled with an in-depth exploratory examination of the reflections of five principals in their leadership roles. The findings indicated that school principals encountered a lack of support from the government, a lack of funding and infrastructure, a lack of parental involvement, and many socio-economic issues. The study recommended that schools should be provided with additional resources and funding, community partners, and mentorship, and should design activities that engage parents and the wider community in the education process. This study contributes to scholarship by deepening understanding of the complexities of leading and managing in deprived educational contexts by offering actionable recommendations for enhancing educational equity and quality in such settings. It serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, educators, and researchers seeking to address the persistent challenges faced by schools serving disadvantaged communities.
Keywords: Principal leadership roles, Deprived schools, Governments, Infrastructure, Parental Involvement, Socio-economic Issues
Barley, Zoe A, and Andrea D Beesley. “Rural School Success: What Can We Learn.” Journal of Research in Rural Education 22, no. 1 (2007): 1–16.
Bhengu, T T, and B N Mkhize. “Leading to Serve: Lessons from School Management Team Members in Deprived Contexts.” Leadership That Works in Deprived School Contexts of South Africa, 2018, 143–59.
Braun, Virginia, and Victoria Clarke. “Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 3, no. 2 (2006): 77–101.
Bredeson, Paul V, Hans W Klar, and Olof Johansson. “Context-Responsive Leadership: Examining Superintendent Leadership in Context,” 2011.
Brown, Rupert, and Samuel Pehrson. Group Processes: Dynamics within and between Groups. John Wiley & Sons, 2019.
Bush, Tony, Dominica Chingarande, Derek Glover, Wonder Muchabaiwa, Jubadheya Simango, and Juliet Thondhlana. “Leading and Sustaining Zimbabwe’s Private Schools: Matching Vision with Economic Reality.” Management in Education 33, no. 3 (2019): 101–9.
Castleberry, Ashley, and Amanda Nolen. “Thematic Analysis of Qualitative Research Data: Is It as Easy as It Sounds?” Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning 10, no. 6 (2018): 807–15.
Cherry, Kendra. “Personal Construct Theory Overview.” Verry Well Mind, 2020.
Chikoko, Vitallis. Leadership That Works in Deprived School Contexts of South Africa. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2017.
Dennis, Robert S, Linda Kinzler-Norheim, and Mihai Bocarnea. “Servant Leadership Theory: Development of the Servant Leadership Assessment Instrument.” In Servant Leadership: Developments in Theory and Research, 169–79. Springer, 2010.
Goldstone, J., T.R. Gurr, and F. Moshiri. Revolutions of the Late Twentieth Century. London: Routledge, 2019.
Govender, D.R. “ The Role of the Principal in Leading and Managing Teaching and Learning: A Case Study of Distributed Leadership in Two Secondary Schools in Gauteng .” University of the Witwatersrand, 2012.
Han, Heesup. “Consumer Behavior and Environmental Sustainability in Tourism and Hospitality: A Review of Theories, Concepts, and Latest Research.” Sustainable Consumer Behaviour and the Environment, 2021, 1–22.
Hauserman, Cal P, and Sheldon L Stick. “The Leadership Teachers Want from Principals: Transformational.” Canadian Journal of Education 36, no. 3 (2013): 184–203.
Henning, Elizabeth. Finding Your Way in Qualitative Research. van Schaik, 2004.
Israel, Mark. “Services as Experience Goods: An Empirical Examination of Consumer Learning in Automobile Insurance.” American Economic Review 95, no. 5 (2005): 1444–63.
Leavy, P. Handbook of Arts-Based Research. New York: Guilford Publications, 2017.
Lewis, Harry R. Excellence without a Soul: How a Great University Forgot Education. Citeseer, 2006.
Lumby, Jacky. “Leading Schools in Communities of Multiple Deprivation: Women Principals in South Africa.” Educational Management Administration & Leadership 43, no. 3 (2015): 400–417.
Macaulay, Ann C, Laura E Commanda, William L Freeman, Nancy Gibson, Melvina L McCabe, Carolyn M Robbins, and Peter L Twohig. “Participatory Research Maximises Community and Lay Involvement.” Bmj 319, no. 7212 (1999): 774–78.
Maree, K. Shaping the Story: A Guide to Facilitating Narrative Career Counselling. London: Brill, 2019.
Maringe, Felix, and Relebohile Moletsane. “Leading Schools in Circumstances of Multiple Deprivation in South Africa: Mapping Some Conceptual, Contextual and Research Dimensions.” Educational Management Administration & Leadership 43, no. 3 (2015): 347–62.
Medina, Venus, Gloria Martinez, Elizabeth T Murakami, Mariela Rodriguez, and Frank Hernandez. “Principals’ Perceptions from within: Leadership in High-Need Schools in the USA.” Management in Education 28, no. 3 (2014): 91–96.
Mhlanga, Nontuthuzelo. Leadership Practices of Principals in Multiple Deprived Contexts: A Case of Successful Schools. University of Pretoria (South Africa), 2019.
Mpisane, B.B. “ The Role of High School Heads of Department as Leaders of Learning,” 2015.
Msila, Vuyisile, and Tshilidzi Netshitangani. “Women and Leadership: Learning from an African Philosophy.” Africanising the Curriculum: Indigenous Perspectives and Theories 2, no. 1 (2016): 83–95.
Mulaudzi, F.G. “Challenges That Heads of Departments Face in Managing Teaching of Tshivenda Home Language in Rural Primary Schools of Dzindi Circuit Vhembe District .” University of Zululand, 2019.
Myende, Phumlani, and Vitallis Chikoko. “School-University Partnership in a South African Rural Context: Possibilities for an Asset-Based Approach.” Journal of Human Ecology 46, no. 3 (2014): 249–59.
Myende, Phumlani E. “Leadership for School-Community Partnership: A School Principal’s Experience in a Deprived Context.” Leadership That Works in Deprived School Contexts of South Africa, 2018, 121–42.
Myende, Phumlani E, and Dipane Hlalele. “Framing Sustainable Rural Learning Ecologies: A Case for Strength-Based Approaches.” Africa Education Review 15, no. 3 (2018): 21–37.
Myende, Phumlani Erasmus, and Selaelo Maifala. “Complexities of Leading Rural Schools in South Africa: Learning from Principals’ Voices.” International Journal of Rural Management 16, no. 2 (2020): 225–53.
Naidoo, Parvathy. “Perceptions of Teachers and School Management Teams of the Leadership Roles of Public School Principals.” South African Journal of Education 39, no. 2 (2019).
Nel, Norma, Soezin Krog, Kesh Mohangi, Helene Muller, and Oluyemi Stephens. “Research Partnership between South Africa and China: Emergent Literacy Teaching and Learning in Early Childhood Education in South Africa.” Per Linguam: A Journal of Language Learning= Per Linguam: Tydskrif Vir Taalaanleer 32, no. 1 (2016): 102–22.
Nguni, Samuel, Peter Sleegers, and Eddie Denessen. “Transformational and Transactional Leadership Effects on Teachers’ Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Primary Schools: The Tanzanian Case.” School Effectiveness and School Improvement 17, no. 2 (2006): 145–77.
Riger, Stephanie, and Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir. “Thematic Analysis.” Handbook of Methodological Approaches to Community-Based Research: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods, 2016, 33–41.
Setokoe, Tshepiso J, and Takalani Ramukumba. “Challenges of Community Participation in Community-Based Tourism in Rural Areas.” WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment 248 (2020): 13–22.
Shoko, Shepherd, and Wonderful Dzimiri. “Impression Management Tactics Employed by Primary School Heads to Influence Management and Leadership Decisions in Schools: A Survey of Two Districts in Zimbabwe.” Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 5, no. 5 (2018).
Stein, John. “What Is Developmental Dyslexia?” Brain Sciences 8, no. 2 (2018).
Tapp, Jack T. Reinforcement and Behavior. Academic Press, 2013.
Tingle, Eric, Antonio Corrales, and Michelle L Peters. “Leadership Development Programs: Investing in School Principals.” Educational Studies 45, no. 1 (2019): 1–16.
Weeks, Kathi. The Problem with Work: Feminism, Marxism, Antiwork Politics, and Postwork Imaginaries. Duke University Press, 2020.
Ntsika Dyantyi serves as a Lecturer in the Department of Business Management Education within the Faculty of Education at Walter Sisulu University. His expertise lies in Educational Leadership, Management and Policy imperatives, particularly within the realms of higher education and secondary school settings. He actively engages in international research conferences, contributing to the discourse on educational management practices. He also holds memberships in key university committees such as the Faculty Learning and Teaching Committee, Curriculum Transformation Committee, and Research and Higher Degrees Committee. Additionally, He is a valued member of the Entrepreneurship Development in Higher Education (EDHE) under the community of practice, where he contributes to initiatives aimed at promoting entrepreneurship development in higher education.
Thobeka Ncanywa is a full Professor of Economics in the Department of Business Management Education at the Faculty of Education at Walter Sisulu University. She has expertise in the field of Applied Economics, Public Sector Economics, Monetary Economics, Development Economics, Econometrics, Micro-Economics, Education Economics, Macro-Economics, and Entrepreneurship studies. She has been involved in teaching and learning, community engagement activities, publications, and supervising postgraduate students (total of 40). She has published 26 articles in local and international journals, 17 conference proceedings, and 5 book chapters. She has also chaired sessions at academic and non-academic conferences. She is a board member of Economic Research of Southern Africa, and International Public Administration and Development Alternatives. She has been involved in projects such as student entrepreneurship development in higher education and a multidisciplinary project on resilient futures in transforming the mining sector. She is a leader in the research niche area for “Sustainable Development and Contemporary Issues in Society and Education” at WSU.
Dyantyi, Ntsika & Thobeka Ncanywa. “Reflections on Principals’ Leadership Practices in Deprived Schools: A Case of the Amathole East Education District,” E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences 5, no.6 (2024): 876-886. https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.2024567
© 2024 The Author(s). Published and Maintained by Noyam Journals. This is an open access article under the CCBY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).