
An Ecclesial Analysis of Child Sexual Abuse in Ghana: implications for Pastoral Response
Issue: Vol.9 No.7 July 2023 Issue Article 6 pp. 304-317
DOI : https://doi.org/10.38159/erats.2023976 | Published online 12th July 2023.
© 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the CCBY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) is a pervasive problem in Ghana that has long-term negative consequences for survivors. Churches in Ghana are not immune to this menace. Although, there is no reliable data on the prevalence of CSA in churches, in some cases, Christian religious leaders have been accused as perpetrators of CSA, covering up abuse or failing to take appropriate action when abuse occurs. Using the second phase of the Pastoral Cycle, the study undertook a contextual examination of child sexual abuse in churches and the church’s role in child protection in Ghana. The paper posits that pastoral ministry of care and safeguarding of children could contribute significantly to the fight against CSA in Ghana. This article adds to the literature on curbing child sexual abuse in Ghana.
Keywords: Church, Child Sexual Abuse, Pastoral Response, Ghana
Agyeman, Nana.K. “Catholic Church Sensitises Children to Report Abuses”. Daily Graphic, 31 October 2018. (2018) Accessed May 24, 2020.
https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/catholic-church-sensitises-children-to-reportabuses.html
Akapule, Samuel. “Tackling the Child Abuse Menace – The Navrongo – Bolgatanga Diocese Set the Pace”. Ghanaian Times, 26 July 2020. (2019) Accessed April 22, 2020 https://allafrica.com/stories/201907290455.html
Agu, Augustine Obeleagu, Charles Kweku Brown, Madeez Adamu-Issah, and Beatrice Akua Duncan. “Perspectives on Sexual Abuse of School Children in Basic and Secondary Schools in Ghana.” African Journal of Criminology & Justice Studies 11, no. 1 (2018).
Behere, Prakash Balkrishna, and Akshata Nandu Mulmule. “Sexual Abuse in 8-Year-Old Child: Where Do We Stand Legally?” Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 35, no. 2 (2013): 203–5.
Böhm, Bettina. “‘She Got Spoilt’: Perceptions of Victims of Child Sexual Abuse in Ghana.” Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 26, no. 7 (2017): 818–38.
Bunge, Marcia J. Child Theology: Diverse Methods and Global Perspectives. Orbis Books, 2021.
Department of Children. “Children Need Rights, Not Rites.” Data Gallery 2017, and Annual Report from Ghana Police Service for the year 2013 to 2017 available on its website and 2017 and 2018 Annual Statistical Report of DOVVSU (2018).
Carothers, Shannon S, John G Borkowski, Jennifer Burke Lefever, and Thomas L Whitman. “Religiosity and the Socioemotional Adjustment of Adolescent Mothers and Their Children.” Journal of Family Psychology 19, no. 2 (2005): 263.
Couture, Pamela D. “The Fight for Children: Practical Theology and Children’s Rights.” Contact 142, no. 1 (2003): 28–40.
Ede, Victor Ifeanyi, and Dominic Zuoke Kalu. “Child Abuse in Nigeria: Responses of Christian Churches and the Way Out.” International Journal for Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Field 4, no. 4 (2018): 46–53.
Eyber, Carola, Blessings Kachale, Tracey Shields, and Alastair Ager. “The Role and Experience of Local Faith Leaders in Promoting Child Protection: A Case Study from Malawi.” Intervention, 2018.
Fouche, Ansie, Elmien Truter, and Daniël F Fouché. “Safeguarding Children in South African Townships against Child Sexual Abuse: The Voices of Our Children.” Child Abuse Review 28, no. 6 (2019): 455–72.
Francis, Perry C, and Tracy D Baldo. “Narcissistic Measures of Lutheran Clergy Who Self-Reported Committing Sexual Misconduct.” Pastoral Psychology 47, no. 2 (1998): 81–96.
Garland, Diana R, and Christen Argueta. “How Clergy Sexual Misconduct Happens: A Qualitative Study of First-Hand Accounts.” Social Work & Christianity 37, no. 1 (2010): 1–27.
Garland, Diana R, and Rick Chamiec-Case. “Before–And After–The Political Rhetoric: Faith-Based Child And Family Welfare Services.” Social Work & Christianity 32, no. 1 (2005).
Ghana Catholic Bishops’ Conference. “Child Protection Policy for The Catholic Churches in Ghana” (2019) Accessed April 12, 2020. https://www.cbcgha.org/wp-content/uploads/20 19/11/Child- Protection-Policy-BOOKLET-signed.pdf
Ghana Health Service (GHS). “Capacity and gaps of Ghana health sector’s response to child abuse” (2018) Ghana Health Service/UNICEF.
Ghana News Agency. (GNA) “Churches Must Promote Child Protection Issues” General News, 24 November 2014 (2014) Accessed May 24, 2020 https://www.ghananewsagency.org/social/churches-must-promote-child- protection-issues-mr-agyapong–82733
Ghana NGOs Coalition on the Rights of the Child (GNCRC). “Global study on sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism country-specific report Ghana” (2015).
Ghana NGOs Coalition on the Rights of the Child (GNCRC). “Child sex tourism in Ghana: Research on sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism in the Western, central and greater Accra regions.” (2015).
Grobbelaar, J. “The Grammar of Combining the Vocabulary of Theology, Children and Africa.” Theologies of Childhood and the Children of Africa, 2016, 51–91.
Holland, Joe, and Peter Henriot. “Social Analysis: Linking Faith and Justice (Revised and Enlarged Edition).” Dove Communications, Victoria, Australia, 1983.
Institute of Statistical, Social Services and Economic Research: (ISSER) Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey in 5 High Densely Populated Localities 2010–2011: Monitoring the situation of children and women. Institute of Statistical, Social Services and Economic Research, Ghana, (2011), 50-54.
Koomson, Joshua. B., “NGO Embarks on Campaign to Reduce Child Abuse” Graphic online, 22 March 2022. (2022): Accessed May 18, 2022. https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ngo-embarks-oncampaign-to-reduce-child-abuse.html
Kpalam, Ebenezer Tetteh. “Child Protection in the Church of Pentecost in Winneba Municipality, Ghana.” Religion and Development 1, no. aop (2023): 1–16.
Kpalam, Ebenezer Tetteh, and Vernon E Light. Our Children: The Place of Child Protection in the Church’s Ministry. Kinder Foundation, 2020.
Lartey, Emmanuel Y. Pastoral Theology in an Intercultural World. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2013.
Macallan, Brian, and H Jurgens Hendriks. “A Post-Foundational Practical Theology? The Pastoral Cycle and Local Theology.” Dutch Reformed Theological Journal= Nederduitse Gereformeerde Teologiese Tydskrif 53, no. 3_4 (2012): 194–205.
Malherbe, Johannes. “Child theology in Africa.” Paper presented at Hear the Cry Conference, 17–21 May 2004. Nairobi, Kenya (2004).
Mansaray, Mariama Ahmeda. “Girl-Child Sexual Abuse as a Public Health Issue in Accra, Ghana,” 2008.
MCG. The Policy, Bye-Law and Child Protection Manual of The Methodist Church Ghana . Accra: Alpha Royal Publications Limited, 2019.
Ministry of Gender Children & Social Protection, Ghana “Engagement of Religious Leaders N Child
Protection,” (2022). https://www.mogcsp.gov.gh/engagement-with-religious-leaders-on-child-protection
Molla, Rode Shewaye. “Pastoral Care in the Living Web for At-Risk Children in Ethiopia.” Journal of Pastoral Theology 28, no. 3 (2018): 189–202.
Morkporkpor, A. “Let us work towards safeguarding the child” Ghana News Agency, 21 August 2022 (2022): Accessed May 18, 2022. https://gna.org.gh/2022/08/lets-work-towards-safeguarding-the-child-rev-dr-boafo/
Osafo, Joseph. “Seeking Paths for Collaboration between Religious Leaders and Mental Health Professionals in Ghana.” Pastoral Psychology 65 (2016): 493–508.
Owusu-Addo, E, S B Owusu-Addo, D M Bennor, N Mensah-Odum, A Deliege, A Bansal, M Yoshikawa, and J Odame. “Prevalence and Determinants of Sexual Abuse among Adolescent Girls during the COVID-19 Lockdown and School Closures in Ghana: A Mixed Method Study.” Child Abuse & Neglect 135 (2023): 105997.
Proulx, Geneviève M, and Andrea Martinez. “Sexual Violence against Girls in Schools: Addressing the Gaps between Policy and Practice in Awaso, Ghana.” Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk 4, no. 2 (2013): 9.
Quarshie, Emmanuel N-B, Joseph Osafo, Charity S Akotia, Jennifer Peprah, and Johnny Andoh-Arthur. “Some Epidemiological Characteristics of Perpetrators and Victims of Incest in Contemporary Ghana: Analysis of Media Reports.” Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 26, no. 2 (2017): 121–39.
Quarshie, Emmanuel Nii-Boye, Priscilla Ayebea Davies, Jeremiah Wezenamo Acharibasam, Christiana Owiredua, Prince Atorkey, Daniel Annang Quarshie, and Sandra Naa-Shasha Quarshie. “Clergy-Perpetrated Sexual Abuse in Ghana: A Media Content Analysis of Survivors, Offenders, and Offence Characteristics.” Journal of Religion and Health 61, no. 4 (2022): 3028–54.
Terry, Karen J. “Child Sexual Abuse within the Catholic Church: A Review of Global Perspectives.” International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 39, no. 2 (2015): 139–54.
The Children’s Act of 1998 (Act 560), Republic of Ghana.
United Nation Children’s Fund. Hidden in plain sight: a statistical analysis of violence against children [Internet]. New York: UNICEF; 2014 [cited 2018 Dec 16]. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/publications/index_74865.html
United Nations Children’s Fund. “Significant change stories on child protection in Ghana: phase ii (Southern Ghana) the collection and analysis stories from regions, municipalities, metropolitans, districts, communities in Ghana”. (2018): UNICEF Ghana. Accessed May 20, 2020. https://www.unicef.org/ghana/media/2506/file/A%20collection%20of%20stories%20on%20Child%20Protection%20in%20Ghana%202.pdf
United Nations Children’s Fund. “Investing in Children Earns Huge Dividend” (2015): UNICEF Ghana. Accessed May 20, 2020. https://www.unicef.org/ghana/media/1941/file/Investing%20in%20children.pdf
Wihbey, John. “Global Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse.” Journalist Resource 15, no. 4 (2011): 25–30.
World Council of Churches (WCC). “Churches’ Commitments to Children”. Geneva: (2017)
World Health Organization. (WHO) “Guidelines for medico-legal care of victims of sexual violence.” (2003): Accessed May 6, 2021 https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42788/924154628X.pdf;jsessionid=2E60A508D5DDBEC152B3786BCE3667CD?sequence=1.
World Health Organization. (WHO) “Changing cultural and social norms that support violence” (2009): Accessed May 31, 2022 https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/norms.pdf.
World Health Organization. (WHO) “Child maltreatment” (2014): Accessed October 12, 2021. http://www.who.int/topics/child_abuse/en/
Ebenezer Tetteh Kpalam is a Lecturer and Head of Department of Mission, Pentecost University, Ghana. His research interest includes Child theology, Child welfare and protection, pastoral psychology and African Christianity.
Eva Ahiataku is a Nurse Practitioner. She is the Executive Director of Kinder Foundation, a nongovernmental organization, focused on promoting healing communities for children. Her research interest, includes children and adolescents’ mental health, Nursing care presence, seeking pathways of collaboration between nurses and religious leaders in promoting mental health.
Kpalam, Ebenezer T. and Eva, Ahiataku. “An Ecclesial Analysis of Child Sexual Abuse in Ghana: Implications for Pastoral Response, “ E-Journal of Religious and Theological Studies, 9 no.7 (2023): 304-317. https://doi.org/10.38159/erats.2023976
© 2023 The Author(s). Published and Maintained by Noyam Journals. This is an open access article under the CCBY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Featured
The Hidden Bones Apocalypse: The Marker, Its Message, and their Hiddenness
The Enigmatic Presence of “Evil” in the World and Delivery from It: A Critical Look at Matthew 6:13
Patterning Constitutional Conflicts in the Church of Christ in Zimbabwe
The Hidden Bones Apocalypse: The Marker, Its Message, and their Hiddenness
Others