Namibian Police Preservation of Internal Security: Lesson from other Countries Constitutions
Kennedy Kaumba Mabuku 
Issue: Vol.6 No.7 Article 7 pp.1031 – 1041
DOI: https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.2025677 | Published online 18th June, 2025
© 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the CCBY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Constitutions are considered essential pieces of legislation; without them, insecurity would likely be more widespread globally. They define roles, set permissible boundaries, and establish when obligations should be fulfilled, thus providing a framework for stability and security. The study compared the Namibian Police Force’s obligation to preserve internal security with Brazil, the Philippines, Scotland, Kenya, Tunisia, Ghana, South Africa, Zambia and Mozambique by analysing the constitutional mandates of the police officers. The study analysis showed that there are critical similarities and differences in the constitutional police mandate of the countries studied. The study adopted a desktop literature review approach to gather and analyse existing literature on the Constitution provisions. The analysis indicates that in Ghana, South Africa and Namibia, the Constitutions do not give provisions for other stakeholders to be involved in preserving internal security but the police alone. In Brazil, Philippines, Scotland, Kenya, Zambia and Mozambique’s Constitutions mandate either the armed forces or civilian components to aid the national police in preserving internal security. Although Namibia’s Constitution does not formally permit stakeholder involvement in internal security preservation, the military remains consistently engaged in this role due to internal security challenges that cannot be addressed by the police alone. Therefore, the study recommends that the Namibian Constitution be amended to legitimise other stakeholders’ involvement in preserving internal security. The study contributes to the knowledge with a special focus on how the Constitution contributes to effective or ineffective police duties in preserving internal security.
Keywords: Constitution, Preservation, Internal Security, Obligation, Namibian Police Force
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Dr. Kennedy Kaumba Mabuku holds a doctoral degree in policing from Stadio Higher Education in South Africa and previously served as a Chief Inspector in the Namibian Police Force. He serves as a lecturer at the Namibia University of Science and Technology and supervises policing students at Stadio Higher Education. Dr. Mabuku is also a master research examiner at International University of Management as well as a journal peer article reviewer for Scientia Militaria: South African Journal of Military Studies. and European Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews. Dr. Mabuku also serves as a tutor at the Institute of Open Learning in Namibia. In addition, Dr. Mabuku is an Editorial Board Member of the Journal Humanities and Social Sciences and has published several articles. Dr. Mabuku is deeply passionate about advancing security, criminal justice, criminology and policing practices.
Mabuku, Kennedy Kaumba. “Namibian Police Preservation of Internal Security: Lesson from other Countries Constitutions,” E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences 6, no.7 (2025): 1031-1041. https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.2025677
© 2025 The Author(s). Published and Maintained by Noyam Journals. This is an open access article under the CCBY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
