
The Trapped ‘Promised Land’: An Interrogation of the Ga Mawela Community Land Claim, Polokwane, Limpopo
Issue: Vol.6 No.9 Article 13 pp.1932 – 1943
DOI: https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.20256913 | Published online 22nd August, 2025
© 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the CCBY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
There is a vast body of mainstream literature on the land question in South Africa. However, there is limited scholarly literature on the pending community land claims. This gap legitimates the study, which seeks to exhume the history of the Ga Mawela community’s land dispossession and its effects. Land dispossession, coupled with the delayed settlement of the community’s land claim, has condemned the community to landlessness and poverty. This study, therefore, utilised qualitative research, i.e. data from secondary sources and interviews (from Ga Mawela community leaders and members), to interrogate the pending Ga Mawela community land claim. The study revealed that the delayed restoration of the ancestral land has resulted in them becoming landless and in poverty. The study concludes that the restoration of their land and post-settlement support can lead to access to the mainstream agricultural economy and poverty alleviation. This study adds to existing literature on land ownership in South Africa.
Keywords: Land Dispossession, Land Alienation, Land Reform, ANC Government, Ga Mawela Community
African Anglican Theological Commission. “The Land and Its Use in Southern Africa: Report of African Anglican Theological Commission.” In Bulletin of Contextual Theology, edited by J.A. Draper, 6–16. Durban: Durban: University of Natal, 1995.
Delius, P. The Land Belongs to Us. The Pedi Polity, the Boers and the British in the Nineteenth Century Transvaal. Braamfontein: Ravan Press, 1983.
Hall, R. “Transforming Rural South Africa? Taking Stock of Land Reform.” In The Land Question in South Africa: The Challenge of Redistribution and Transformation, edited by L. Ntsebeza and R. Hall, 107–31. Cape Town: HSRC Press, 2011.
Heller, K. The Words of a President: Jacob Zuma Speaks. Johannesburg: Porcupine Press, 2021.
Jankielsohn, R., and A. Duvenhage. “ Expectations and the Issue of Land in South Africa- the Historical Origins and Current Debate,” 2018. http://repository.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10394/31473/No-80-%282018%29-2-Jankielsohn-R.pdf?sequence=1.
Kepe, Thembela, and Ruth Hall. “Land Redistribution in South Africa: Towards Decolonisation or Recolonisation?” In Decolonisation after Democracy, 128–37. Routledge, 2020.
Maylam, P. A History of the African People of South Africa: From the Early Iron Age to the 1970s. Cape Town: David Philip, 1986.
Mkodzongi, G., and F. Brandt. “ Revisiting South Africa’s Land and Agrarian Questions.” In Land Reform Revisited: Democracy, State Making and Agrarian Transformation in Post-Apartheid South Africa, edited by G. Mkodzongi and F. Brandt, 3–14. Boston: BRILL, 2018.
Modise, Leepo, and Ndikho Mtshiselwa. “The Natives Land Act of 1913 Engineered the Poverty of Black South Africans: A Historico-Ecclesiastical Perspective.” Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 39, no. 2 (2013): 359–78.
Ngcukaitobi, T. Land Matters: South Africa’s Failed Land Reforms and the Road Ahead. Cape Town: Penguin Books, 2021.
Nyawo, V Z. “The Original Sin, 100@ 19: The South African 1913 Native Land Act’s History and Impact.” Repositioning the Humanities: Journal of Contemporary Research, 2014, 33–42.
Plaatje, S. Native Life in South Africa. Cape Town: Pan MacMillan, 2007.
“Presidential Address, by Dr. A.B. Xuma at the ANC Conference,” December 14, 2041. https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/presidential-address-dr-ab-xuma-14-december-1941.
Setou, P. “Land Reform in South Africa Is Both a Human Rights Issue and a Constitutional Imperative.” Agribusiness Opinion South Africa, March 23, 2020. https://www.bizcommunity.com/PDF/PDF.aspx?l=196&c=741&ct=1&ci=201842.
The African Report. “Andile Mxgxitama of South Africa’s Landless People’s Movement,” November 23, 2009. https://www.theafricareport.com/9303/andile-mxgxitama-of-south-africas-landless-peoples-movement/.
“The Native Land Act 27 of 1913.” Accessed March 19, 2023. https://www.gov.za/news/events/commemorative-events/1913-natives-land-act-centenary.
“The Native Trust and Land Act 18 of 1936. National Archives and Record Services of South Africa: ZA KAB 4/3/77_B/1/13_1_#.” Accessed June 2, 2024. https://www.nationalarchives.gov.za/node/9398302.
“The Native Trust and Land Amendment Act 19 of 1954. National Archives and Record Services of South Africa: ZA SAB GG_463_7/6485_1.” Accessed March 20, 2024. https://www.nationalarchives.gov.za/node/8821029.
The South African History Online (SAHO). “History of Ga Mawela Community.” Accessed March 20, 2024. https://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/History of the Gamawela Community.pdf.
———. “List of Laws on Land Dispossession and Segregation,” 2013. https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/list-laws-land-dispossession-and-segregation#:~:text=The Natives Resettlement Act%2C passed,areas were designated or not.
The South African History Online (SAHO). “Land Policy Discussion Document,” 2012. https://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/landpolicyproposals_june2012v_1.pdf.
“The Trespass Act 6 of 1959.” Accessed April 20, 2024. https://www.gov.za/documents/trespass-act-20-mar-1963-0000.
Twala, Chitja. “The African National Congress (ANC) and the Impact of the Land Restoration Process in Democratic South Africa since 1994: Socio-Ecological Challenges to Poverty Alleviation?” 2013.
Butholezwe Mtombeni is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of History at the University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.
Muzi Shoba is based in the Department of Development Studies at Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
Mtombeni, Butholezwe, and Muzi Shoba. “The Trapped ‘Promised Land’: An Interrogation of the Ga Mawela Community Land Claim, Polokwane, Limpopo,” E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences 6, no. 9 (2025): 1932 – 1943, https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.20256913.
© 2025 The Author(s). Published and Maintained by Noyam Journals. This is an open access article under the CCBY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).









