Parody and playfulness in Tshivenḓa proverbs: A linguistic and cultural analysis

Parody and playfulness in Tshivenḓa proverbs: A linguistic and cultural analysis

Avhatakali Jonathan Makhado

Issue: Vol. 7 No.7 2026 Article 5 pp. 1809 –1819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.2026775 Published online 10th August 2026

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ABSTRACT

This study investigates parody and playfulness in Tshivenḓa proverbs, focusing on how speakers creatively manipulate traditional proverbial expressions to generate humour, irony, and social commentary. Although previous studies have emphasized the moral and instructional functions of proverbs, this research explores their dynamic and transformative use in contemporary communication. The study used a qualitative linguistic ethnographic approach. Data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions, and observations of naturally occurring speech in rural and urban Tshivenḓa communities, including social gatherings, storytelling sessions, and digital communication platforms. The findings reveal that parodic proverbs perform multiple social and communicative functions. They create humour, strengthen social cohesion, facilitate indirect criticism, and allow younger generations to engage with cultural heritage in innovative ways. The analysis further shows that parody can challenge traditional hierarchical and gendered assumptions embedded in conventional proverbs, thereby encouraging alternative interpretations. The discussion highlights the adaptability of Tshivenḓa oral traditions and their continued relevance in changing social contexts. The study recommends documenting and including parodic proverb forms in cultural and educational initiatives to preserve evolving indigenous knowledge systems. It concludes that parody serves as a valuable mechanism for cultural continuity, creativity, and social reflection. The study contributes to scholarship on African oral literature, sociolinguistics, and cultural studies by demonstrating how parody functions as both a linguistic strategy and a means of negotiating cultural identity in contemporary Tshivenḓa-speaking communities.

Keywords: Parody, Tshivenḓa Proverbs, Oral Tradition, Humour, Social Critique.

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ABOUT AUTHOR(S)

Dr. Avhatakali Jonathan Makhado is a lecturer within the Department of African Languages, under the Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences, and Education at the University of Venda. He holds a Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Tshivenḓa. His main interest in the language is found in Phonetics, Phonology, Syntax, Semantics and Traditional Literature. He teaches Tshivenḓa in both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. He is the author of several articles and has presented in some conferences. Furthermore, his academic experience includes supervising Master’s and Doctoral (PhD) students.

TO CITE ARTICLE

Makhado, Avhatakali Jonathan. “Parody and playfulness in Tshivenḓa proverbs: A linguistic and cultural analysis.” E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences 7, no.7 (2026): 1809 – 1819. https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.2026775