E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences (EHASS) - ISSN 2720-7722

Cariappa, Adeeth A G, and Vijesh V Krishna. “Carbon Farming in India: Are the Existing Projects Inclusive, Additional, and Permanent?” Climate Policy 25, no. 5 (2025): 756–71.

Christiansen, Kirstine Lund. “Relegitimising the Voluntary Carbon Market: Visions of Digital Monitoring, Reporting and Verification.” Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 57, no. 8 (2025): 1190–1205.

Dawes, Allegra. Voluntary Carbon Markets: A Review of Global Initiatives and Evolving Models. Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), 2023.

Donthu, Naveen, Satish Kumar, Debmalya Mukherjee, Nitesh Pandey, and Weng Marc Lim. “How to Conduct a Bibliometric Analysis: An Overview and Guidelines.” Journal of Business Research 133 (2021): 285–96.

Duncan, Clare, Jurgenne H Primavera, Nicholas A O Hill, Dominic C J Wodehouse, and Heather J Koldewey. “Potential for Return on Investment in Rehabilitation-Oriented Blue Carbon Projects: Accounting Methodologies and Project Strategies.” Frontiers in Forests and Global Change 4 (2022): 775341.

Dyck, M., C. Streck, and D. Trouwloon. “The Voluntary Carbon Market Explained (VCM Primer).” Climate and Land, 2023.

Howie, Alice H, Vera Rullens, Anita Thomas, Stella Kondylas, Sophie K Russell, Simon E Reeves, Judith M Ament, Miguel Castro, and Sharie Detmar. “Seas the Opportunity: Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to Identify and Prioritise Blue Carbon Wetland Restoration Sites.” Frontiers in Environmental Science 12 (2024): 1431027.

Huxham, Mark, Anne Kairu, Joseph K Lang’At, Rahma Kivugo, Mwanarusi Mwafrica, Amber Huff, and Robyn Shilland. “Rawls in the Mangrove: Perceptions of Justice in Nature‐based Solutions Projects.” People and Nature 5, no. 5 (2023): 1497–1511.

Karhunmaa, Kamilla. “Opening up Storylines of Co-Benefits in Voluntary Carbon Markets: An Analysis of Household Energy Technology Projects in Developing Countries.” Energy Research & Social Science 14 (2016): 71–79.

Laine, Anna, Hanna-Mari Ahonen, Anna Pakkala, Jenni Laininen, Kati Kulovesi, and Iiris Mäntylä. “Guide to Good Practices for Voluntary Carbon Markets: Supporting Voluntary Mitigation Action with Carbon Credits,” 2023.

Lee, Dong-Ho, Dong-hwan Kim, and Seong-il Kim. “Characteristics of Forest Carbon Credit Transactions in the Voluntary Carbon Market.” Climate Policy 18, no. 2 (2018): 235–45.

McCallister, Margaret, Andrey Krasovskiy, Anton Platov, Breno Pietracci, Alexander Golub, Ruben Lubowski, and Gabriela Leslie. “Forest Protection and Permanence of Reduced Emissions.” Frontiers in Forests and Global Change 5 (2022): 928518.

Netter, Leonie, Eike Luedeling, and Cory Whitney. “Agroforestry and Reforestation with the Gold Standard-Decision Analysis of a Voluntary Carbon Offset Label.” Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 27, no. 2 (2022): 17.

Pande, Rohini. “Can the Market in Voluntary Carbon Credits Help Reduce Global Emissions in Line with Paris Agreement Targets?” Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2024.

Ranjan, Ram. “Balancing Greenwashing Risks and Forest Carbon Sequestration Benefits: A Simulation Model Linking Formal and Voluntary Carbon Markets.” Forest Policy and Economics 168 (2024): 103317.

Sapkota, Yadav, and John R White. “Carbon Offset Market Methodologies Applicable for Coastal Wetland Restoration and Conservation in the United States: A Review.” Science of The Total Environment 701 (2020): 134497.

Singh, G. Understanding Carbon Credits.  Aditya Books Pvt. Ltd., 2009.

Smits, Mattijs. “The New (Fragmented) Geography of Carbon Market Mechanisms: Governance Challenges from Thailand and Vietnam.” Global Environmental Politics 17, no. 3 (2017): 69–90.

Sorensen, Derek. “Structured Pools for Tokenized Carbon Credits.” In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC), 1–6. IEEE, 2023.

Tetteh, Francis Kamewor, Kwame Owusu Kwateng, and John Mensah. “Green Logistics Practices: A Bibliometric and Systematic Methodological Review and Future Research Opportunities.” Journal of Cleaner Production 476 (2024): 143735.

Trencher, Gregory, Sascha Nick, Jordan Carlson, and Matthew Johnson. “Demand for Low-Quality Offsets by Major Companies Undermines Climate Integrity of the Voluntary Carbon Market.” Nature Communications 15, no. 1 (2024): 6863.

Vijayamohan Mankayarkarasi, Brathikan, and Aparna Ramalakshmi Murugan. “Energy Transition Through Voluntary Carbon Credit System.” In Energy Sustainability, 87899:V001T04A006. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024.

Wongpiyabovorn, Oranuch, Alejandro Plastina, and John M Crespi. “Challenges to Voluntary Ag Carbon Markets.” Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 45, no. 2 (2023): 1154–67.

Zetterberg, Lars, Filip Johnsson, and Kenneth Möllersten. “Incentivizing BECCS—a Swedish Case Study.” Frontiers in Climate 3 (2021): 685227.

Lilian Gumbo, PhD, is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Department of Management Accounting, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.

Professor Ferina Marimuthu is an esteemed academic, researcher, and author with over 25 years of experience in accounting and finance education. She currently serves as the Head of the Financial Accounting department at the Durban University of Technology, where she leads strategic initiatives to advance academic excellence, research, and governance in higher education. She holds a PhD in Finance, with her doctoral research focusing on the capital structure and financial performance of South African state-owned entities. Her research interests include corporate governance, environmental disclosures, sustainability reporting, and financial technology. A registered Professional Accountant (SA), she brings both academic rigour and professional insight to her work. Professor Marimuthu has an extensive publication record, with over 50 accredited research publications. She has authored numerous accounting textbooks and reviewed for international publishing houses. Her work consistently bridges the gap between theory and practice, particularly in areas where ethics, accountability, and financial transparency intersect. Her contributions to academia have earned her several national and international recognitions. She has held various leadership roles and continues to provide strategic academic direction within and beyond her institution. Beyond academia, Professor Marimuthu serves on the advisory boards of universities, contributing to the advancement of governance and accounting education on a broader scale. She actively participates in international conferences as a panellist, session chair, and member of scientific committees, and has hosted the International Conference on  Governance and Accountability. She also boasts an extensive record of international collaborations and is passionate about values-based leadership and the promotion of accountability in both public and private sectors.

Gumbo, Lilian, and Ferina Marimuthu.“Voluntary Carbon Credits as a Strategic Approach to Mitigate Climate Change: A Systematic Literature Review,” E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences 6, no. 15 (2025): 4520 – 4536, https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.202561522.