The Nature of Unemployment in Butterworth, South Africa – An Exploration
Cwenga Mayekiso 
Issue: Vol.6 No.9 Article 6 pp.1844 – 1854
DOI: https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.2025696 | Published online 20th August, 2025
© 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the CCBY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
This study sought to discuss the nature of unemployment in the Eastern Cape town of Butterworth, South Africa. Data was collected using a closed-ended questionnaire that was distributed among participants. The study had 80 participants from both genders and all working ages, that is, from 18 to 55, including unskilled, skilled, educated, and uneducated. The study was quantitative and used non-probability, the judgmental sampling technique. The data was analysed using SPSS to make summaries, descriptive patterns, relationships, and connections. According to the findings of this study, cyclical unemployment also affects people of all ages, genders, and with different types of qualifications. Friction unemployment affects every gender and all working-class ages and affects people from all educational levels. From the collected data, there is no significant difference between those with high education and those who only have primary education. The results indicate that, although Butterworth’s is characterised by cyclical, frictional and structural unemployment, the most dominant type of unemployment is structural unemployment. The researcher goes on to make recommendations on dealing with unemployment, such as: development of rural infrastructure, investment in training and skills development, empowerment of local economic development initiatives, improved opportunities, and information access. This research offers a critical examination of rural unemployment through the enablement of lived experience of unemployed citizens of Butterworth. It adds to sociological literature on marginalisation and accountability of the state, with a focus on structural constraints in rural South Africa. The research findings offer evidence to guide enhancing policy responses and act as a genesis for future studies on inclusive community-based employment programs in underdeveloped regions.
Keywords: Nature, Unemployment, South Africa, Butterworth, Eastern Cape
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Cwenga Mayekiso is a sociology scholar with a Master’s degree in the discipline and is currently advancing his studies as a PhD candidate. He holds a research assistant position at the Walter Sisulu University, where he actively engages in projects that examine socio-economic issues affecting South Africa. His work reflects a profound dedication to understanding the structural and social dynamics that contribute to unemployment and underemployment, especially within rural and under-resourced areas. Through his work, Mayekiso aims to advocate for structural changes that improve employment conditions and access to resources in marginalized communities. His dedication to his field and his contribution to understanding the socio-economic landscape of South Africa underscore his potential as a leading voice in addressing the root causes of unemployment and socio-economic inequality in the region.
Mayekiso, Cwenga. “The Nature of Unemployment in Butterworth, South Africa – An Exploration,” E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences 6, no. 9 (2025): 1844 – 1854, https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.2025696.
© 2025 The Author(s). Published and Maintained by Noyam Journals. This is an open access article under the CCBY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
