Malakoi (Effeminates) and Avrsenokoitai (Homosexuals): A Reflection on 1 Corinthians 6:9 from a Ghanaian (Akan) Perspective
Issue: Vol.7 No.12 December 2021 Issue Article 1 pp.201-214
DOI : https://doi.org/10.38159/erats.20217121 | Published online 23rd December 2021.
© 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the CCBY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
KEYWORDS: Effeminates, homosexuals, homosexuality, unrighteous, hermeneutic, culture.
“Acts of Ghana, Criminal Code 1960”. (Act 29. Section 97). Accessed on 5th August, 2018, from www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/gh/gh010en.pdf
Afriyie, Ernestina. “Theological and Pastoral Perspectives on Sexuality”, in Journal of African Christian Thought. 16. No. 2. (2013): 40-42.
Amory, Deborah P. “‘Homosexuality’ in Africa: Issues and Debates”, African Issues. Vol. 25. Issue 1. (1997), pp. 5-10. Published online: 06th May, 2016. Accessed on 20th March, 2018 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1548450500005217.
Anderson, Ray S. On Being Human: Essays in Theological Anthropology. (Grand Rapids:William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1982).
Anum, Eric Nii Bortey. “The Body Matters: Rights and Rites of African Sexualities and the Body in the context of 1 Cor. 6”, International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE), 1. 8. August (2014): 92-100.
“Answers on Homosexuality – Late Evans Atta Mills vs. Akuffo Addo”. Published by Eye Ghana TV On 26th
November, 2017. Accessed on 21st March, 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bPxU9FvWwU
Appiah, Peggy, Kwame Anthony Appiah, & Ivory Agyeman-Duah. Bu Me Bε: Proverbs of the Akans. (Oxfordshire, UK: Ayebia Clarke Publishing Ltd., 2007).
Asamoah-Gyadu, John Kwabena. “‘Homosexuality and Ritual Filth’: Christianity and Media Discussions on Alternative Sexual Lifestyle in Contemporary Africa”, in Journal of African Christian Thought. 16.2, (2013): 52-60.
Baeur, J. B. “a;rsen”, Balz, Horst and Schneider, Gerald (eds.), Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament. (Michigan: W. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company Grand Rapids, 1990). Accessed: 16th August 2015
Balentine, Samuel E. Leviticus Interpretation: A Bible Commentary for Teaching and Preaching. (Louisville: John Knox Press).
Bediako-Akoto, Daniel Osei. Towards Holistic Sexual Flourishing in Africa: Another Look at Human Sexuality from a Ghanaian Christian Standpoint with the Presbyterian Church of Ghana as a Case.(Utrecht: Boekencentrum Academic, 2017).
Christaller, J. G. Dictionary of the Asante and Fante Language Called Tshi (Twi). (Basel: The Basel Evangelical Missionary Society, 1933).
Danquah, J. B. The Akan Doctrine of God: A Fragment of Gold Coast Ethics and Religion. 2nd ed. (London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd. 1968).
Fee, Gordon D. First Epistle to the Corinthians. Revised Edition. (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2014).
Furnish, Victor Paul. The Moral Teaching of Paul: Selected Issues, 3rd Ed. (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 2009).
Garland, David E. 1 Corinthians. (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Academic, 2003).
Ghana’s Constitution of 1992 with Amendments through 1996, Chapter five, Article 14, Section1, 21. Accessed on 10th August 2020. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Ghana_1996.pdf?lang=en
Harper, Kyle. From Shame to Sin: The Christian Transformation of Sexual Morality in Late Antiquity.(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013).
Jackson, Robert P. “There are Far more Gays in Ghana than Ghanaians Realize”. Accessed on 12th March, 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_AleoMQcmEk
Jones, John R. “‘In Christ There Is Neither . . .’: Toward the Unity of the Body of Christ”, in Ferguson, David et al. Christianity and Homosexuality: Some Seventh-day Adventist Perspectives. (Roseville, CA: Adventist Forum, 2008).
Laryea, Philip. “Homosexuality: A Discussion on the Position of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana (PCG)”, in Journal of African Christian Thought. 16. No. 2. (2013): 15-16.
Lear, Andrew. “Ancient Pederasty: An Introduction”, in Hubbard, Thomas K. (ed.). A Companion to Greek and Roman Sexualities. (Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 2014), 102-127.
Maxwell, James, et al., Reader’s Digest: Family Health Guide and Medical Encyclopedia based on the Medical Writings of Benjamin F. Miller, M. D. (Pleasantville, New York: The Reader’s Digest Association, 1976).
Paul, Ian. Same-Sex Unions: The Key Biblical Texts, (Cambridge: Grove Books Ltd. 2014).
Quarshie, B.Y. “Bringing the Case before the Lord: An African Response to a North American Perspective on the Bible and Human Sexuality”, in Journal of African Christian Thought. 16. No. 2. (2013): 25-29.
Strong, James. The New Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible. (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1990).
Vine, W. E. Vine’s An Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words with their Precise Meanings for English Readers. (New York: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1985).
_____.Vine’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words. (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Inc., Publishers, 2000).
Wright, D. F. “Homosexuality”, in Hawthorne, Gerald F., et al. (eds.). Dictionary of Paul and His Letters: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship. (Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 1993): 413-415.
Yarbrough, Robert W. “The Kingdom of God in the New Testament: Mark through the Epistles”, in Morgan, Christopher W. and Peterson, Robert A. (eds.). The Kingdom of God, (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2012).
Zanghellini, Aleardo. The Sexual Constitution of Political Authority: The ‘Trials’ of the Same-Sex Desire.(New York: Routledge, 2015).
Rev. Dr. Ernest Nyarko is a Biblical scholar in the area of New Testament. He is a Research Fellow at the Akrofi-Christaller Institute of Theology, Mission and Culture, and doubles as a minister of the Gospel with the Methodist Church Ghana, currently in charge of Ebenezer Society, Akropong-Akuapem, Ghana.
Nyarko E. “Malakoi (Effeminates) and Avrsenokoitai (Homosexuals): A Reflection on 1 Corinthians 6:9 from a Ghanaian (Akan) Perspective,” E-Journal of Religious and Theological Studies, 7 no.12 (2021): 201-214 https://doi.org/10.38159/erats.20217121
© 2021 The Author(s). Published and Maintained by Noyam Publishers. This is an open access article under the CCBY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Others