African Diaspora Pentecostals Deliverance Practices and the Lived Reality in the United Kingdom
Issue: Vol.5 No.16 Issue Article 30 pp.3057-3066
DOI: https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.202451630 | Published online 24th December, 2024
© 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the CCBY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
In African diaspora Pentecostalism, spiritual warfare theology configures ‘spiritual deliverance’ as an integral aspect of healing, prosperity, and wellbeing. In the United Kingdom, deliverance practices, including exorcisms, are booming in immigrant communities, particularly the Pentecostal churches. African diaspora Pentecostals believe in a spirit-filled world consisting of the Holy Spirit, ancestors’ spirits, evil spirits, demons, and Satan. African diaspora deliverance practices proffer existential solutions in a spirit-filled world. This study used the desktop research approach to explore the lived tensions of African diaspora Pentecostal deliverance practices in the United Kingdom, where such practices are not generally part of the cultural and social worldview. The study findings were that African diaspora Pentecostal deliverance practices clash with scientific mental health approaches, and overtly can be abusive, especially around consent, ethical concerns and post-deliverance trauma. This article concluded that African diaspora Pentecostals’ spiritual deliverance therapy practices create tensions with the lived reality in the United Kingdom and recommended the need to negotiate questions about psychological well-being, dignity, and abuse on the part of the deliverance candidate. This study contributes to knowledge by highlighting the potential benefits and challenges of deliverance practices in a more scientifically grounded multicultural context of the United Kingdom.
Keywords: African Diaspora Pentecostalism, Migration, Spiritual Abuses, Spiritual Deliverance, Spiritual Warfare Theology, African Traditional Religion.
Adedibu, Babatunde Aderemi. “Reverse Mission or Migrant Sanctuaries? Migration, Symbolic Mapping, and Missionary Challenges of Britain’s Black Majority Churches.” Pneuma 35, no. 3 (2013): 405–23.
Adogame, A. The African Christian Diaspora: New Currents and Emerging Trends in World Christianity. London: A & C Black, 2013.
American Psychological Association. “Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct,” 2020. www.apa.org/ethics/code/imndex/aspx#.
Anderson, A.H. An Introduction to Pentecostalism. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
Anderson, Allan Heaton. Spirit-Filled World: Religious Dis/Continuity in African Pentecostalism. Springer, 2018.
Asamoah-Gyadu, J Kwabena. “Witchcraft Accusations and Christianity in Africa.” International Bulletin of Missionary Research 39, no. 1 (2015): 23–27.
Boyd, G.A. God at War: The Bible and Spiritual Conflict. InterVarsity Press, 2014.
Bruce, Steve. “God Is Dead: Secularization in the West.” Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2002.
Burgess, Richard. African Pentecostal Spirituality and Civic Engagement: The Case of the Redeemed Christian Church of God in Britain. Journal of Beliefs & Values. Vol. 30. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 2009.
Cuneo, M. W. American Exorcism: Expelling Demons in the Land of Plenty. New York: Doubleday, 2001.
Euteneuer, T.J. “Seven Degrees of Demonic Persecution.” New Oxford Review 77, no. 5 (2010): 37–39.
Freston, Paul. “Reverse Mission: A Discourse in Search of Reality?” PentecoStudies 9, no. 2 (2010): 153–74.
Garcia, F. “ Inside the Global Exorcism ‘Boom.’” Paranormal, 2019. https://www.vice.com/en_United Kingdom/article/xwnmza/exorcisms-rise-2019-pentecostalism-catholicism.
Haustein, Jörg. “Embodying the Spirit (s): Pentecostal Demonology and Deliverance Discourse in Ethiopia.” Ethnos 76, no. 4 (2011): 534–52.
Hays, Christopher M, and Christopher B Ansberry. Evangelical Faith and the Challenge of Historical Criticism. Baker Academic, 2013.
Hiebert, Paul G. “The Flaw of the Excluded Middle.” Missiology 10, no. 1 (1982): 35–47.
Kraft, Charles H. Power Encounter in Spiritual Warfare. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2017.
Leavey, Gerard, Kate Loewenthal, and Michael King. “Pastoral Care of Mental Illness and the Accommodation of African Christian Beliefs and Practices by UK Clergy.” Transcultural Psychiatry 54, no. 1 (2017): 86–106.
Liberty Foundation Gospel Ministries. “Marathon Deliverance ,” 2012. http://libertyfoundationgospelministries.org/images/U.S.jpg.
Malia, Linda. “A Fresh Look at a Remarkable Document: Exorcism: The Report of a Commission Convened by the Bishop of Exeter.” Anglican Theological Review 83, no. 1 (2001): 65.
Martin, D. Pentecostalism: The World Their Parish. Oxford: Blackwell, 2002.
Mercer, Jean. “Deliverance, Demonic Possession, and Mental Illness: Some Considerations for Mental Health Professionals.” Mental Health, Religion & Culture 16, no. 6 (2013): 595–611.
Mzondi, Abraham Modisa Mkhondo, and Gordon Harrison. “Achieving a Christocentric Deliverance Praxis in the Churches of Matatiele and Maluti, South Africa.” African Theological Journal for Church and Society 3, no. 2 (2022): 39–58.
Olofinjana, Israel Oluwole. “Historical Development of Black Pentecostal Churches in Britain: A Case Study of Apostolic Pastoral Congress (APC).” Missio Africanus Journal of African Missiology 1, no. 2 (2016): 59–79.
———. “Reverse Missiology: Mission Approaches and Practices of African Christians within the Baptist Union of Great Britain.” Evangelical Review of Theology 42, no. 4 (2018).
Parekh, Bhikhu C. The Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain: Report of the Commission on the Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain. Profile Books, 2000.
Parker, Stephen Eugene. Led by the Spirit: Toward a Practical Theology of Pentecostal Discernment and Decision Making. Vol. 7. A&C Black, 1996.
Richman, Naomi. “Homosexuality, Created Bodies, and Queer Fantasies in a Nigerian Deliverance Church.” Journal of Religion in Africa 50, no. 3–4 (2021): 249–77.
Rowan, Kirsty, and Karen Dwyer. “Demonic Possession and Deliverance in the Diaspora: Phenomenological Descriptions from Pentecostal Deliverees.” Mental Health, Religion & Culture 18, no. 6 (2015): 440–55.
Sande, Nomatter. “Greening Faith and Herbology in Pentecostalism in Zimbabwe.” Journal of Religion in Africa 49, no. 1 (2020): 59–72.
Sande, Nomatter, and Daniel Manyanga. “Youth Identity Crisis in the Diaspora: Christian Zimbabweans in the United Kingdom.” Alternation Special Edition 33 (2020): 57–75.
Sande, Nomatter, and Hartness M Samushonga. “African Pentecostal Ecclesiastical Practices and Cultural Adaption in a Changing World.” Journal of the European Pentecostal Theological Association 40, no. 1 (2020): 17–31.
Swift, R. Irish Migrants in Britain, 1815–1914: A Documentary History. Cork, Ireland: Cork University Press, 2002.
Tsekpoe, Christian. “Contemporary Prophetic and Deliverance Ministry Challenges in Africa.” Transformation 36, no. 4 (2019): 280–91.
Wagner, D. How to Cast out Demons: A Guide to the Basics. Ventura, CA: Renew Books, 2000.
Währisch-Oblau, C. “ Meeting a Charismatic Challenge: The Development of Deliverance Ministries within the Protestant Member Churches of the United Evangelical Mission.” In African Pentecostal Mission Maturing, edited by L.E. Donkor and C.R. Clarke, 176–95. Eugene: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2018.
World Council of Churches. “ Pentecostal Churches ,” 2012.
Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. “Gender Biases in African Historiography.” In African Gender Studies: A Reader. New York: Springer, 2005.
Nomatter Sande (PhD) is a Research Fellow at the Research Institute for Theology and Religion (RITR) South Africa and a Research Associate at the University of Glasgow. His interests include religion, migration, transnationalism, disability studies and gender.
Sande, Nomatter. “African Diaspora Pentecostals Deliverance Practices and the Lived Reality in the United Kingdom,” E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences 5, no.16 (2024): 3057-3066. https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.202451630
© 2024 The Author(s). Published and Maintained by Noyam Journals. This is an open access article under the CCBY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).