
Exploring the Policy Environment Deficit Associated with the Care of Children by Grandparents in Libode, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Issue: Vol.6 No. 5 2025 Article 1 pp.249 – 259
DOI : https://doi.org/10.38159/jelt.2025651 | Published online 23rd May, 2025.
© 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the CCBY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
The purpose of this study is to explore the policy environment associated with the care of children by grandparents, believing that such policies provide guidance, clarity, and accountability of the grandparents-children care. The study utilized a qualitative research approach and a qualitative paradigm. Data collection involved in-depth interviews of 5 social workers from the social development Libode service office and 5 teachers from Zwelakhe Secondary Primary School (SPS) in Libode, Eastern Cape. While empirical findings revealed the absence of a policy to guide family caregiving issues, secondary data also found no specific policy for the care of children by grandparents. The researchers recommend that the government and other child-friendly and elderly-friendly organisations such as NGOs develop specific policies to guide the care of children by their grandparents, provide requisite resources, and provide necessary information on caregiving and available support systems. Conclusively, this study can inform factors that favour or confound the caregiving of children by their grandparents. Secondly, it might help to inform policymakers on the need to buttress some policies that will ensure that requisite resources are provided to the grandparents to adequately meet the care of their grandchildren. Moreover, the study will widen the horizon of literature on the topic under inquiry by bringing new insights into the scholarship.
Keywords: Family Caregiving Policy, Family Caregiving Acknowledgement, Human Rights of Children and Older Persons, Best Interest of Children.
Anderson, Jared R, and William L. Turner. “When Caregivers Are in Need of Care: African-American Caregivers’ Preferences for Their Own Later Life Care.” Journal of Aging Studies 24, no. 1 (2010): 65–73.
Bejane, S. M., E. Van Aswegen, and Y. Havenga. “Primary Caregivers’ Challenges Related to Caring for Children Living with HIV in a Semi-Rural Area in South Africa.” Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery 15, no. 1 (2013): 68–80.
Clements, B. J., R. A., DeMooij, S Gupta, and M. Keen. Equality and Fiscal Policy. Washington: International Monetary Fund, 2015.
Creswell, J. W. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches . 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2015.
Delany, Aislinn, Zenobia Ismail, Lauren Graham, and Yuri Ramkissoon. “Review of the Child Support Grant: Uses, Implementation and Obstacles.” Johannesburg: Community Agency for Social Enquiry, 2008, 1–65.
Department of Social Development. The South African Child Support Grant Impact Assessment: Evidence from a Survey of Children, Adolescents and Their Households. Pretoria: UNICEF, 2012.
Devereux, S., and R. Sabates-Wheeler. “ Transformative Social Protection.” Brighton, 2016.
Doley, Rebekah, Ryan Bell, Bruce Watt, and Hannah Simpson. “Grandparents Raising Grandchildren: Investigating Factors Associated with Distress among Custodial Grandparent.” Journal of Family Studies 21, no. 2 (2015): 101–19.
Donohue, Dana, and Juan Bornman. “The Challenges of Realising Inclusive Education in South Africa.” South African Journal of Education 34, no. 2 (2014).
Falana, Bernard Akinlabi, Festus Olatunji Bada, and Christian Junior Ayodele. “Single-Parent Family Structure, Psychological, Social and Cognitive Development of Children in Ekiti State.” Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology 2, no. 2 (2012): 158–64.
Harnett, Paul H, Sharon Dawe, and Melissa Russell. “An Investigation of the Needs of Grandparents Who Are Raising Grandchildren.” Child & Family Social Work 19, no. 4 (2014): 411–20.
Hayslip, B, and Gregory C Smith. “Resilient Grandparent Caregivers.” Routledge 10 (2012): 9780203803905.
Hayslip Jr, Bert, Heidemarie Blumenthal, and Ashley Garner. “Social Support and Grandparent Caregiver Health: One-Year Longitudinal Findings for Grandparents Raising Their Grandchildren.” Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 70, no. 5 (2015): 804–12.
Herlofson, K., S. O. Ongre, L. K. Enger, O. B. Tysnes, and J. P. Larsen. “Fatigue in Early Parkinson’s Disease. Minor Inconvenience or Major Distress?” European Journal of Neurology 19, no. 7 (2012): 963–68.
Kaakinen, J.R., D.P. Cloehlo, Steele R., A. Tabacco, and S.M.H. Hanson. Family Health Care Nursing: Theory, Practice and Research . 5th ed. Canada: FaDavis Company, 2014.
Kail, R.V., and J.C. Cavanaugh. Grandparents of Children with Disabilities: Theoretical Perspectives of Intergenerational Relationships . Switzerland: Springer, 2015.
Kangethe, Simon. “Occupational Care Giving Conditions and Human Rights: A Study of Elderly Caregivers in Botswana.” Indian Journal of Palliative Care 16, no. 2 (2010): 79.
Lee, Youjung, and Lisa V Blitz. “We’re GRAND: A Qualitative Design and Development Pilot Project Addressing the Needs and Strengths of Grandparents Raising Grandchildren.” Child & Family Social Work 21, no. 4 (2016): 381–90.
Lumsdaine, Robin L, and Stephanie J C Vermeer. “Retirement Timing of Women and the Role of Care Responsibilities for Grandchildren.” Demography 52, no.2 (2015): 433–54.
Martin, Claudia, Diego Rodríguez-Pinzón, and Bethany Brown. “Human Rights of Older People.” Universal and Regional Legal Perspectives, Dordrecht, 2015.
Mccallion, Phillip, and Matthew Janicki. Grandparents as Carers of Children with Disabilities: Facing the Challenges. Routledge, 2014.
Meara, Kathleen. “What’s in a Name? Defining and Granting a Legal Status to Grandparents Who Are Informal Primary Caregivers of Their Grandchildren.” Family Court Review 52, no. 1 (2014): 128–41.
Meggitt, Carolyn, and Tina Bruce. NCFE CACHE Level 3 Child Care and Education (Early Years Educator). Hodder Education, 2015.
Mokone, J M. “Challenges Experienced by Grandparents Raising Grandchildren: An Exploratory Study.” Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk 42, no. 2 (2006).
Nattrass, Nicoli. “AIDS and the Scientific Governance of Medicine in Post-Apartheid South Africa.” African Affairs 107, no. 427 (2008): 157–76.
Neely-Barnes, Susan L, J Carolyn Graff, and Gregory Washington. “The Health-Related Quality of Life of Custodial Grandparents.” Health & Social Work 35, no. 2 (2010): 87–97.
Nyasani, Evalyne, Erna Sterberg, and Helen Smith. “Fostering Children Affected by AIDS in Richards Bay, South Africa: A Qualitative Study of Grandparents’ Experiences.” African Journal of AIDS Research 8, no. 2 (2009): 181–92.
Peterson, Tina L. “Changes in Health Perceptions among Older Grandparents Raising Adolescent Grandchildren.” Social Work in Public Health 32, no. 6 (2017): 394–406.
Reijer, Daniël. “Grandparents as Parents: Skipped-Generation Households Coping with Poverty and HIV in Rural Zambia,” 2013.
Schoklitsch, Angela, and Urs Baumann. “Generativity and Aging: A Promising Future Research Topic?” Journal of Aging Studies 26, no. 3 (2012): 262–72.
Shaibu, Sheila. “Experiences of Grandmothers Caring for Orphan Grandchildren in Botswana.” Journal of Nursing Scholarship 45, no. 4 (2013): 363–70.
Shwalb, David W, and Ziarat Hossain. Grandparents in Cultural Context. Routledge New York, NY, 2018.
Soganga, Aseza. “Challenges Faced by Grandparents Caring for Their Grandchildren in Mdlankomo Location, Libode, Eastern Cape.” University of Fort Hare, 2019.
Soganga, Aseza, and Simon Murote Kang’ethe. “Exploring Reciprocity in Grandparent-Grandchildren Care: The Case of Mdlankomo Location, Libode in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.” Social Work 59, no. 1 (2023): 99–111.
Soliz, Jordan, Mei Chen Lin, K Anderson, and J Harwood. “Communication in Grandparent-Grandchild Relationships.” Widening the Family Circle, 2014, 35–50.
South Africa. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act, Act No 108 of 1996. Pretoria: Government Printers, 1996.
Vaismoradi, M., and S. Snelgrove, “Theme in qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis”. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 20 no. 3 (2019): 23-34.
Williams, Angie, and Jon F. Nussbaum. Intergenerational Communication across the Life Span. Routledge, 2013.
Aseza Soganga is the Manager for Integrated Development Planning at Nyandeni Local Municipality. She completed her PhD in Social Work at the University of Fort Hare, specializing in Children, Youth wellbeing.
Simon Murote Kang’ethe works at Walter Sisulu University as a full Social Work Professor, and he is also a C2 NRF-rated researcher focusing on culture, health, children, social enterprises, and geriatrics. He has supervised nearly fifty master’s and PhD students and has authored many book chapters.
Soganga, Aseza, and Simon Murote Kang’ethe. “Exploring the Policy Environment Deficit Associated with the Care of Children by Grandparents in Libode, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.” Journal of Education and Learning Technology 6, no.5 (2025): 249 – 259. https://doi.org/10.38159/jelt.2025651
© 2025 The Author(s). Published and Maintained by Noyam Journals. This is an open access article under the CCBY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Featured
