
Transparent Design Approaches to Enable Equitable Student Gains and Success in Higher Education: A Scoping Review
Raymond Emekako
, Nisa Ayob
, Bukohwo Michael Esiefarienrhe
, Joshua Ebere Chukwuere
, Eunice Chesa
& Mary-Ann Winkelmes ![]()
Issue: Vol.6 No. 9 2025 Article 4 pp.746 – 770
DOI : https://doi.org/10.38159/jelt.2025694 | Published online 12th September, 2025.
© 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the CCBY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
As student populations in higher education become increasingly diverse, the need for equitable and inclusive teaching approaches has never been more urgent. Transparent design, which involves clearly articulating learning objectives, tasks, and evaluation criteria, has gained recognition for its potential to support student engagement, achievement, and confidence. Framed within the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, this scoping review examines how transparent design is implemented in higher education and how it influences student outcomes across a variety of institutional and national contexts. A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature published between 2014 and 2024 yielded 2,377 articles, 22 of which met the inclusion criteria through the PRISMA process. Thematic analysis of the selected studies highlights how transparent practices improve self-directed learning, improve the experiences of historically underserved students, and contribute to inclusive digital and in-person learning environments. Although the evidence underscores the value of transparency in promoting equitable access and strengthening student-staff collaboration, it also identifies challenges such as inconsistent implementation, insufficient faculty training, and ethical concerns regarding digital engagement. This review contributes to the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning by mapping current evidence on transparent design, identifying implementation challenges, and offering actionable insights into how such approaches can transform teaching practices to support broader and more inclusive student success in higher education. Although not the central focus of the review, the Transparency in Learning and Teaching (TILT) framework is suggested as a practical and context-sensitive methodology for embedding transparency into teaching and learning designs, thereby enhancing institutional relevance and pedagogical impact.
Keywords: Transparent Design; Equitable Student Success; Higher education; Student Engagement, and Inclusion Pedagogy.
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Dr. Raymond Emekako is Senior Educational Developer and Manager: Teaching Enhancement in the Centre for Teaching & Learning at North-West University, South Africa, and a research member of the Optentia Research Entity. He holds a PhD from North-West University, along with an MBA and MEd, and has a background spanning education, information technology, and management. An active SoTL inquirer, he has led programmes, projects, and workshops, and delivered keynote guest lectures as well as several local and international conferences. His collaboration on Transparency in Learning and Teaching (TILT) extends across communities of practice on four continents. He is a member of SARIMA, HELTASA, IITPSA, and ISMN. His research and publications continue to focus on advancing student success and enhancing academic staff development in higher education.
Dr. Nisa Ayob is a Senior Lecturer at North-West University, specialising in Geographical Information Systems (GIS). With over seven years of teaching experience, she is dedicated to creating an engaging and supportive learning environment, passionately fostering a deep understanding of spatial analysis and its applications in her students. Dr. Ayob effectively integrates practical tools into her teaching, enabling students to analyse and interpret real-world geographic data. Her approach to teaching emphasises hands-on experience, encouraging students to explore the potential of GIS in addressing real-world challenges. Dr. Ayob is actively involved in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SOTL) project, focusing on transparency in teaching and learning practices.
Prof Esiefarienrhe Bukohwo Michael holds a BSc (UNIBEN), MSc (ATBU), PhD (MAUT, Yola) degrees in Computer Science. He is an Oracle Certified Professional and a member of several professional bodies including IEEE, ACM, IITPSA, CPN. He is currently the Head of Department and Professor of Computer Science and information systems, North-West University, South Africa. He has published over 70 articles in peer reviewed journals and has presented several scholarly papers at conference both locally and internationally. His research interests span AI and Machine learning in Education, Computer-Based learning methodologies, Software Engineering, Computer Human Interaction, ICT infrastructures and Wireless Sensors Networks. He has graduated over 10 Doctoral, over 30 Masters, and over 80 Honours students in Computer Science and information systems.
Prof. Joshua Ebere Chukwuere is a Full Professor in Information Systems at North-West University (NWU), South Africa, and an NRF-rated researcher. He is an award-winning researcher in the areas of CultureTech, Emerging digital/technology (AI, IoT, Machine learning), social media, Smart city, e-health, Research methodology, Mobile/online banking, e-health, Smartphone, Cyberbullying, e-learning, and many more. He is an external examiner for many universities and a reviewer for several journals and conferences. Prof. Chukwuere has presented Webinars and is a convener of the International Conference on Emerging Technology and Interdisciplinary Sciences (ICETIS).
Miss Eunice Chesa is a dedicated lecturer in the School of Government Studies at North-West University (NWU), where she also serves as the Programme Leader for Public Administration and Local Government. She is currently pursuing a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Social Sciences, specializing in Public Management and Governance. Miss Chesa is deeply committed to the advancement of public sector governance, with a strong interest in areas such as service delivery, integrated development planning, ethical leadership, monitoring and evaluation and legislative oversight. Her academic journey is complemented by her active involvement in professional development platforms, most notably her role as the Interim Chairperson of the North-West Chapter of the South African Association of Public Administration and Management (SAAPAM).
Dr. Mary-Ann Winkelmes is the Founder and Director of the Transparency in Learning and Teaching in Higher Education (TILT Higher Ed) project, a global initiative promoting evidence-based teaching and learning practices across six continents. She holds a PhD in history from Harvard University and has published widely, including the book Transparent Design in Higher Education Teaching and Leadership. Her contributions to improving learning, especially for underserved students, have been recognized with the POD Network’s Robert J. Menges Award for Outstanding Research in Educational Development. Dr. Winkelmes has delivered keynotes and workshops worldwide and held senior leadership roles at Harvard, the University of Chicago, the University of Illinois, the University of Nevada Las Vegas, and Brandeis University. Her research focuses on equity, transparency, and student success in higher education.
Emekako, Raymond, Nisa Ayob, Bukohwo Michael Esiefarienrhe, Joshua Ebere Chukwuere, Eunice Chesa, and Mary-Ann Winkelmes. “Transparent Design Approaches to Enable Equitable Student Gains and Success in Higher Education: A Scoping Review.” Journal of Education and Learning Technology 6, no. 9 (2025): 746 – 770. https://doi.org/10.38159/jelt.2025694.
© 2025 The Author(s). Published and Maintained by Noyam Journals. This is an open access article under the CCBY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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