Journal of Education and Learning Technology (JELT) - ISSN 2720-7730

Ackert, Michael, Erekle Maglakelidze, Irina Badurashvili, and Stefan Huber. “Validation of the Short Forms of the Centrality of Religiosity Scale in Georgia.” Religions 11, no.2(2020): 57.

Adigun, Olufemi Timothy, and Ntokozo Ndwandwe. “Academic Resilience Among Deaf Learners During E-Learning in the COVID-19 Era.” Research in Social Sciences and Technology 7, no. 2 (June 20, 2022): 27–48. https://doi.org/10.46303/ressat.2022.8.

Aloka, Peter J O. “Academic Resilience as Predictor of Academic Adjustment among Freshmen in Distance Learning Programme at One Public University.” Social Sciences and Education Research Review 10, no. 1 (2023): 151–61.

Bantjes, Jason, Wylene Saal, Franco Gericke, Christine Lochner, Janine Roos, Randy P Auerbach, Philippe Mortier, Ronny Bruffaerts, Ronald C Kessler, and Dan Stein. “Mental Health and Academic Failure among First-Year University Students in South Africa.” South African Journal of Psychology 51, no. 3 (2021): 396–408.

Bila, Nontembeko J, and Charlene L Carbonatto. “Culture and Help-Seeking Behaviour in the Rural Communities of Limpopo, South Africa: Unearthing Beliefs of Mental Health Care Users and Caregivers.” Mental Health, Religion & Culture 25, no.6(2022): 543–62.

Branson, Nicola, and Emma Whitelaw. “South African Student Retention during 2020: Evidence from System‐wide Higher Education Institutional Data.” South African Journal of Economics 92, no. 1 (2024): 9–30.

Breda, Adrian D. van, and Linda C. Theron. “A Critical Review of South African Child and Youth Resilience Studies, 2009–2017.” Children and Youth Services Review 91 (August 2018): 237–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.06.022.

Brown, Brandon M., Kevin D. Dougherty, Jeremy E. Uecker, Sarah A. Schnitker, and Perry L. Glanzer. “Changes in Politics and Religiosity Among Students at a Protestant University.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 63, no. 1 (March 6, 2024): 117–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12891.

Cassidy, Simon. “The Academic Resilience Scale (ARS-30): A New Multidimensional Construct Measure.” Frontiers in Psychology 7 (November 18, 2016). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01787.

Cavilla, Derek. “The Effects of Student Reflection on Academic Performance and Motivation.” Sage Open 7, no. 3 (July 25, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244017733790.

Cherian, Jincy, Preet Kumari, and S P Sinha. “Self-Concept, Emotional Maturity and Spirituality as Predictors of Academic Resilience among Undergraduate Students.” International Journal of Applied Research 7, no. 1 (2021): 7–11.

Chou, Chih-Yueh, and Chun-Ho Chang. “Developing Adaptive Help-Seeking Regulation Mechanisms for Different Help-Seeking Tendencies.” Educational Technology & Society 24, no. 4 (2021): 54–66.

Covarrubias, Rebecca, Andrea Romero, and Michael Trivelli. “Family Achievement Guilt and Mental Well-Being of College Students.” Journal of Child and Family Studies 24, no. 7 (July 21, 2015): 2031–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-0003-8.

Cuncic, Arlin. What to Know about Logotherapy: This Type of Therapy Helps You Find Your Purpose in Life. Verywell Mind, 2025.

Dey, Anjali Miriam, and Thomas Joseph Parayil. “Spiritual Life during Testing Times: How Spirituality Can Help.” Vinayasādhana 11, no. 2 (2020): 27–33.

Engelbrecht-Aldworth, Erika, and Albert Renier Wort. “The Evolution of Defining Spirituality over the Last Century.” Vir Die Musiekleier/To the Music Director 41, no. 1 (2021):102–40.

Ezealah, Ikenna Q. The Role of Self-Reflection in the Spiritual Quest to Make Meaning of Experiences. Clemson University, 2019.

Fabbris, Jéssika Leão, Ana Cláudia Mesquita, Sílvia Caldeira, Ana Maria Pimenta Carvalho, and Emilia Campos de Carvalho. “Anxiety and Spiritual Well-Being in Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.” Journal of Holistic Nursing 35, no. 3 (September 20, 2017): 261–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898010116655004.

Fuertes, Al. “Students in Higher Education Explore the Practice of Gratitude as Spirituality and Its Impact on Well-Being.” Religions 15, no. 9 (2024): 1078.

Gnanaprakash, C. “Spirituality and Resilience among Post-Graduate University Students.” Journal of Health Management 15, no. 3 (2013): 383–96.

Gonzalez, Miigis B, Kelley J Sittner, Jessica Saniguq Ullrich, and Melissa L Walls. “Spiritual Connectedness through Prayer as a Mediator of the Relationship between Indigenous Language Use and Positive Mental Health.” Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology 27, no. 4 (2021): 746.

Gravetter, Frederick J, and Lori-Ann B Forzano. Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences. Cengage Learning, 2018.

Groves, Paramabandhu. “Spiritual and Religious Influences.” In The Handbook of Alcohol Use, 399–417. Elsevier, 2021.

Harris, J Irene, Gary K Leak, Rachel Dubke, and Cory Voecks. “Religious Strain and Postconventional Religiousness in Trauma Survivors.” Psychology of Religion and Spirituality 7, no. 2 (2015): 173.

Harris, Lois S. Effects of Gender and Spirituality on Adults’ Resilience to Daily Non-Traumatic Stressors. Walden University, 2016.

Heidari, Fateme Ghaedi, Saeid Pahlavanzadeh, Mortaza Sabet Ghadam, Mahlagha Dehghan, and Roohollah Ider. “The Relationship between Religiosity and Depression among Medical Students.” Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research 6, no. 3 (2016): 414.

Hlatshwayo, Mlamuli Nkosingphile. “Being Black in South African Higher Education: An Intersectional Insight.” Acta Academica: Critical Views on Society, Culture and Politics 52, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 163–80. https://doi.org/10.18820/24150479/aa52i2/9.

Holloway, Margaret, and Bernard Moss. Spirituality and Social Work. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2010.

Huber, Stefan, and Odilo W Huber. “The Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS).” Religions 3, no. 3 (2012): 710–24.

Huber, Stefan, and Volkhard Krech. “The Religious Field between Globalization and Regionalization: Comparative Perspectives.” What the World Believes: Analyses and Commentary on the Religion Monitor, 2008, 53–93.

Imron, Imron, Imam Mawardi, and Ayşenur Şen. “The Influence of Spirituality on Academic Engagement through Achievement Motivation and Resilience.” International Journal of Islamic Educational Psychology 4, no. 2 (2023): 314–26.

Ishabiyi, Anthonia Omotola, and Sultan Khan. “Religious Associational Life amongst Black African Christian Students at Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal.” Journal for the Study of Religion 33, no. 2 (2020). https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3027/2020/v33n2a3.

Ives, Jillian, and Milagros Castillo-Montoya. “First-Generation College Students as Academic Learners: A Systematic Review.” Review of Educational Research 90, no.2(2020): 139–78.

Jansen, Kate L, Rebecca Motley, and Joseph Hovey. “Anxiety, Depression and Students’ Religiosity.” Mental Health, Religion & Culture 13, no. 3 (2010): 267–71.

Jimenez, Amber, Brandy Piña-Watson, and Gabriela Manzo. “Resilience through Family: Family Support as an Academic and Psychological Protective Resource for Mexican Descent First-Generation College Students.” Journal of Hispanic Higher Education 21, no. 3 (2022): 352–63.

Knoetze, Johannes J. “Theological Education, Spiritual Formation and Leadership Development in Africa: What Does God Have to Do with It?” HTS Theological Studies 78, no. 4 (2022): 1–6.

Koenig, Harold G. “Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications.” ISRN Psychiatry 2012 (December 16, 2012): 1–33. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730.

Kumar, Updesh, and Rohtash Singh. “Resilience and Spirituality as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being among University Students.” Journal of Psychosocial Research 9, no. 2 (2014): 227.

Laird, Siobhan E, and Prospera Tedam. Cultural Diversity in Child Protection: Cultural Competence in Practice. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2019.

Latif, Suciani. “Students’ Academic Resilience Profiles Based on Gender and Cohort.” Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan Dan Konseling 5, no. 4 (2020).

Mabvurira, Vincent. “Influence of African Traditional Religion and Spirituality in Understanding Chronic Illnesses and Its Implications for Social Work Practice: A Case of Chiweshe Communal Lands in Zimbabwe.” University of Limpopo, 2016.

Mampane, Motlalepule Ruth. “Factors Contributing to the Resilience of Middle-Adolescents in a South African Township: Insights from a Resilience Questionnaire.” South African Journal of Education 34, no. 4 (2014).

Mampane, Ruth, and Cecilia Bouwer. “The Influence of Township Schools on the Resilience of Their Learners.” South African Journal of Education 31, no. 1 (2011): 114–26.

Maree, Kobus. First Steps in Research. Van Schaik Publishers, 2007.

Martin, Andrew J. “Academic Buoyancy and Academic Resilience: Exploring ‘Everyday’and ‘Classic’Resilience in the Face of Academic Adversity.” School Psychology International 34, no. 5 (2013): 488–500.

Marwala, T, and L Mpedi. “If We Want to Fix Our Economy, We Must Increase University Graduation Rates.” Daily Maverick, 2022.

Molinero, Rocío Gómez, Antonio Zayas, Paula Ruiz González, and Rocío Guil. “Optimism and Resilience among University Students.” International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology 1, no. 1 (2018): 147–54.

Murphy, Kevin R. “In Praise of Table 1: The Importance of Making Better Use of Descriptive Statistics.” Industrial and Organizational Psychology 14, no. 4 (December 14, 2021): 461–77. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2021.90.

Oliveira, Catarina Félix de, Sónia Rolland Sobral, Maria João Ferreira, and Fernando Moreira. “How Does Learning Analytics Contribute to Prevent Students’ Dropout in Higher Education: A Systematic Literature Review.” Big Data and Cognitive Computing 5, no. 4 (November 4, 2021): 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc5040064.

Olson, Erica Timko. The Relationship Between Spirituality, Resilience and Anxiety Among Baccalaureate Nursing Students. The University of Arizona, 2018.

Perez, Jeannie A. “The Associations among Gratitude, Spirituality, and Positive/Negative Affect: A Test of Mediation.” Academia Lasalliana Journal of Education and Humanities 3, no. 1 (2021): 61–72.

Pirnazarov, Nurnazar. “Philosophical Analysis of the Issue of Spirituality.” International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology 29, no. 5 (2020): 1630–32.

Plessis, Carolina F Du, Tharina Guse, and Graham A Du Plessis. “‘I Am Grateful That I Still Live under One Roof with My Family’: Gratitude among South African University Students.” Emerging Adulthood 11, no. 4 (2023): 923–32.

Ragusa, Antonio, Jeronimo González-Bernal, Ruben Trigueros, Valeria Caggiano, Noelia Navarro, Luis A Minguez-Minguez, Ana I Obregón, and Carmen Fernandez-Ortega. “Effects of Academic Self-Regulation on Procrastination, Academic Stress and Anxiety, Resilience and Academic Performance in a Sample of Spanish Secondary School Students.” Frontiers in Psychology 14 (2023): 1073529.

Rensburg, Albert Bernard-Repsold Janse van. “Introducing the South African Spirituality Scale (SASS): Measuring Spirituality among Medical Students in a Heterogeneous Clinical Environment.” Mental Health, Religion & Culture, June 26, 2020, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2020.1741529.

Robbins, A, E Kaye, and J C Catling. “Predictors of Student Resilience in Higher Education.” Psychology Teaching Review 24, no. 1 (2018): 44–52.

Sargeant, Sally, and Jacqui Yoxall. “Psychology and Spirituality: Reviewing Developments in History, Method and Practice.” Journal of Religion and Health 62, no. 2 (2023): 1159–74.

Schreiber, Birgit, Teboho Moja, and Thierry M Luescher. “Racism and Corona: Two Viruses Affecting Higher Education and the Student Experience,” 2020.

Shepherd, Debra Lynne. “The Open Door of Learning-Access Restricted: School Effectiveness and Efficiency across the South African Education System,” 2016.

Shube, Innocentia Millicent. “Validation of the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale in a Group of Black South African Students.” North-West University, n.d.

Sisiani, Maria Goreth, Seraphine C. Komu, Denis Muhamba, Francis J. Kisandu, and Christine Keneema. “The Influence of African Traditional Spirituality on Christian Practices in Africa.”  International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis 6, no. 9 (2023): 4210–14.

Sood, Sarita, and Ananya Sharma. “Resilience and Psychological Well-Being of Higher Education Students During COVID-19: The Mediating Role of Perceived Distress.” Journal of Health Management 22, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 606–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972063420983111.

Soria, Krista M, and Michael J. Stebleton. “First-Generation Students’ Academic Engagement and Retention.” Teaching in Higher Education  17, no. 6 (2012): 673–85.

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Swart, Megan Lynn. “Understanding How Hope Manifests for South African Youth during Times of Adversity.” University of Pretoria, 2021.

Teo, David Choon Liang, Katerina Duchonova, Samaneh Kariman, and Jared Ng. “Religion, Spirituality, Belief Systems and Suicide.” In Suicide by Self-Immolation: Biopsychosocial and Transcultural Aspects, 183–200. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021.

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Timmins, Fiona, and Sílvia Caldeira. “Understanding Spirituality and Spiritual Care in Nursing.” Nursing Standard  31, no. 22 (2017).

Tjønneland, Elling N. “Crisis at South Africa’s Universities–What Are the Implications for Future Cooperation with Norway?”  CMI Brief, 2017.

Tsou, Christine. “Global Challenges in Higher Education: A Narrative Literature Review,” 2024.

Uleanya, Chinaza, and Bongani Thulani Gamede. “Comparative Learning Challenges Experienced by Students in Rural Universities of Developing Nations in Sub-Saharan Africa.” International Journal of Comparative Education and Development  20, no. 2 (2018): 90–100.

Uleanya, Chinaza, and Yasmin Rugbeer. “Investigation of First‑year Learning Experiences in a Rural University in South Africa.”  Journal of Student Affairs in Africa 8, no. 1 (2020): 29–46.

Underwood, Lynn G., and Jeanne A. Teresi. “The Daily Spiritual Experience Scale: Development, Theoretical Description, Reliability, Exploratory Factor Analysis, and Preliminary Construct Validity Using Health-Related Data.” Annals of Behavioral Medicine 24, no. 1 (February 2002): 22–33. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15324796ABM2401_04.

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Villacís, Jorge L., Jesús de la Fuente, and Concepción Naval. “Good Character at College: The Combined Role of Second-Order Character Strength Factors and Phronesis Motivation in Undergraduate Academic Outcomes.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 8263. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168263.

Zungu, B. P. “Socio-Economic and Academic Challenges Faced by Black Undergraduate Students from Disadvantaged Backgrounds at the Wits School of Education.” Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand, 2022.

Vincent Mabvurira is an Associate Professor and Researcher in Community Psychosocial Research Entity (COMPRES), North-West University, South Africa. His research interests are in the interface among religion, spirituality and social work as well as child protection, indigenous knowledge systems and environmental social work.

Curwyn Mapaling is an Associate Professor of Psychology and a registered clinical psychologist at North-West University, where he is a programme leader in the Optentia Research Unit. His research focuses on mental health and wellbeing in higher education and high-pressure institutions, with interests in belonging, resilience, and psychosocial interventions, including cross-cultural and applied work in African contexts.

Juliette Bih Nkarenbi is an emerging researcher and a postdoctoral fellow within the Community Psychosocial Research Entity (COMPRES) at the North-West University, South Africa. Her research skills and expertise are based on quantitative, qualitative and mixed methodologies, while her focus areas are mental health, Well-being, psychology of adolescents, migration, social support and religion and psychology.

Mabvurira, Vincent; Curwyn Mapaling, and Juliette Bih Nkarenbi. “Religiosity, Spirituality, and Academic Resilience: A study of First-Generation black students at a South African public university.” Journal of Education and Learning Technology 7, no.7 (2026): 741 – 760. https://doi.org/10.38159/jelt.2026774